All types of ceiling finishes

Performing repairs in the apartment, private house, special attention should be paid to the ceiling. Often this issue is treated carelessly, without understanding the essence, choose nondescript materials that spoil the look of the interior. Nevertheless, the ceiling has a sufficiently large area, has a significant impact on the perception of the room as a whole.

At the entrance to any room, they first look up, if the floor and walls can be partially covered with carpets, pieces of furniture, then this surface is fully visible. A huge range of coatings with a different texture, proper lighting, color, can significantly improve the design, increase comfort and coziness. Professional advice will help to understand the topic.

What to consider when choosing a material for finishing the ceiling

Planning the design of the ceiling, you should consider many facts. The choice of coverage depends on the available funds allocated for the purchase of materials and services of specialists. If you have the building skills necessary for the operation of the tools, you can save money on the last paragraph; you can do the installation yourself. The following points should also be considered:

  • the dimensions of the room, its area and height;
  • view of the room, its intended purpose;
  • the color of the ceiling trim corresponding to the overall appearance;
  • existing style, the chosen direction in the interior;
  • the expediency of installing multi-level structures;
  • availability of communication networks.

Ceiling facing serves not only as decoration of the room. It allows you to hide many defects, visually increase or decrease the space, save on electricity, in the case of using reflective elements.

Ceiling area and height

The choice of a suitable design is influenced by many factors, among them the dimensions of the room in which the repair measures are carried out. Let us dwell on each parameter in more detail:

  • Square. In the house each room has a different area. The quantity of material necessary for the work depends on its value, and accordingly its cost. In large rooms, such as a hall, multi-level plasterboard structures that divide the space into parts will look organic. In a cramped room, you can use any facing, and to improve the visual effect to organize a hidden LED backlight.
  • Height. In old apartments of the Soviet era, low ceilings were usually made - 2.5 - 2.6 m, in new buildings this value sometimes reaches 3 m. In a private house or in the country, the height can be different. In rooms with low ceilings, it is better to use a flat coating, wallpaper, painting, and photo printing. If the height is more than 2.6 m, then suspended and tension structures will be suitable, under which you can hide engineering communications, place sound-proof, noise-absorbing materials.

Room assignment

The choice of raw materials used for decoration depends on the type of room, its purpose. Only taking into account the characteristics of each room, you can make the right decision, to establish a high-quality durable coating that meets all requirements. If you approach the issue more thoroughly, you can select the following areas in the house:

  • Bathroom or combined bathroom. It takes into account the constant humidity, evaporation, a direct hit of liquid on the ceiling surface. There is also a high probability of flooding by the neighbors living above. Do not forget about the constant changes in temperature, this circumstance has a negative impact on many building materials.
  • Kitchen. For this room should take into account most of the moments inherent in the bathroom, resistance to elevated temperature. The kitchen zone is used for cooking, the evaporation containing fat and oil constantly rising to the ceiling destroys it.
  • Living rooms (entrance hall, bedroom, children). For these areas in the house will fit most materials. The main condition for their selection is compliance with sanitary standards. They must be environmentally friendly, do not become an environment for the development of fungus and mold, repel dust.
  • Boiler room. This is a fire risk zone. Therefore, the material must withstand high temperatures, be fire resistant.
  • Utility room. When choosing a coating take into account the overall design of living space.


Style

Designer decoration of the ceiling surface is very popular among the inhabitants. With it you can refresh the situation, to focus on the ceiling. The right choice of materials, decorative elements will help to create any desired style. In modern design, there are many areas, among which are:

  • Classic and neoclassical. Classical interiors include a large number of architectural decor: frescoes, cornices, rusts, bas-reliefs, and other elements. For registration use plaster, foam plates. Characterized by white, milky shades, ivory, frosty frost. For the attic fit drywall, polished board.
  • English. For decoration, you can use drywall constructions with wooden framing, stretch options with an image, caissons. It is better to use natural wood. In the center should hang a large chandelier, as an additional lighting set built-in lights. Light and brown tones are allowed, dark gray.
  • Loft. It is characterized by high ceilings with untreated surfaces, a cult of concrete. For finishing, it is enough to clear the concrete overlap from dust; for decoration, you can fix a metal grid. To complete the image, decorative communications are selected in the form of artificially aged wooden beams, metal pipes. Also used for cladding wallpaper, imitating brickwork. Characterized by black, white, gray with a slight addition of bright accents.


Number of tiers

The overall perception of the interior depends on the shape and type of the ceiling. Among the existing options a good effect is produced by multi-tiered structures. Not all materials are suitable for creating such coatings, they can be constructed from:

  • Drywall This is a classic raw material used to create multi-level models. It is characterized by low cost, but after installation requires additional finishing.
  • Tension cloth. Very beautiful and expensive design. Self-installation is difficult, need special equipment. There are fabric and film models.
  • Cassettes, panels, slats. With their help, you can make the facing of suspended ceilings. They look not very attractive, but they are cheap.

All structures consisting of several tiers can be divided into diagonal, figured, frame, zoning. The only drawback of such coatings is that they can not be installed in rooms with a low level of ceiling, inappropriate will look at small areas.


Ceiling colors

When designing the interior is important every little thing. Designers recommend that you carefully consider and select the appropriate shades of finishing materials. Each color has its own value, can have a positive and negative impact on the human psyche. When self-determining the background, you should consider the following rules:

  • The color of the ceiling should be in harmony with the objects located in the room or correspond to the tone of the walls.
  • If you choose a lighter shade used for interior decoration for ceilings, then the room will visually look more spacious.
  • To revive the interior, you can use a variety of images, drawings, elements of painting.
  • Two-color options allow you to perform zoning space, save on partitions.
  • White tone is used when it is necessary to make the room more spacious and light.
  • Dark background is suitable only for large rooms with high ceilings, while the interior should be light to remove the feeling of constriction.
  • Irritable people, as well as complete, are not recommended to use in excess the red color.
  • Blue will help to relax in the bathroom, it relieves fatigue. Its peculiarity is that it suppresses appetite.


Popular materials and methods of finishing ceilings

When choosing a lining, many factors are taken into account: humidity, the shape of the room, the style of the interior, the budget for repairs, and other aspects. Now there is little where you can find uneven ceilings with crumbling plaster. Manufacturers offer a wide range of products that allow to realize any design ideas. Conventionally, all options for finishing materials can be divided into three main groups:

  1. Budget. These are the varieties of coatings that most people have encountered in their lives. These include whitewashing, painting, foam plates, wallpaper.
  2. Middle class. Stand an order of magnitude more than the previous options. Characterized by a long service life, attractive appearance. This could include podshivny, suspended, tension structures, decorative plaster.
  3. Elite. Made of natural hardwood, for example, oak or larch, mirrored, coffered.

Whitewash

Whitewashing is a classic way to trim the ceiling. Although it is considered a relic of the past, it remains the most affordable and inexpensive option. It is a chalk or lime solution used to whiten the surface. In the absence of funds for expensive repairs, it will be the best coverage, fit into any room, thanks to the snow-white view.

It is impossible to whiten an unprepared surface; therefore, it is first cleaned. To do this, remove the old coating, close up the joints of the plates, slots, potholes, and other defects. Eliminate stains that will show through the new layer. To do this, use bleach, white, copper sulphate. Level the plane, eliminating differences in height with putty.

The process of applying whitewash is simple. It all starts with the preparation of the solution, which consists of 3 kg of sifted chalk, 5 liters of water, 30 g of PVA glue, 20 g of blue. This is enough for an area of ​​10-12 m². The process is recommended to start from the corner where the window is located. For work, you can use a brush or roller. After complete drying of the first layer, the second is applied. This is necessary in order to hide the base.

Coloring

Another inexpensive type of finish that you can do yourself. This is a very practical coating that has a large variety of colors, but it is short-lived. From the desired effect, choose a matte or glossy mixture. Before the start of repair activities, you should decide on the paint of suitable composition. There are several options:

  • Acrylic. Dries quickly, has no pronounced odor, different saturated color, suitable for all surfaces.
  • Silicate. It prevents the development of mold, is characterized by good water-repellent properties, does not ignite, is applied with a thin layer, therefore it does not mask the defects of the ceiling overlap.
  • Silicone. It is quite expensive, it has all the advantages of the previous analog, it is only applied in a thicker layer, it can hide small cracks.
  • Latex. After drying, the surface can be cleaned even with detergents, suitable for balconies.

The work will require a minimum set of tools, most of which are in every home. The ceiling is prepared by analogy with whitewashing. Coloring can be performed using a roller or apply a spray gun. The main thing is not to make mistakes that can lead to the detachment of the material, the appearance of salt deposits, the shrinking of raw materials.


Decorative plaster

Plaster is a solution used for finishing. It is a durable, environmentally friendly material that allows you to hide small defects. With it, you can create smooth and embossed surfaces. Manufacturers produce compositions of different color, they can also have heat-insulating and water-repellent properties. There are several main types of decorative raw materials:

  • Textured. Depending on the main component of the mixture, there are 4 main subspecies: acrylic, silicone, mineral, silicate. The works include 3 stages: surface preparation, plastering, texture creation using a special roller, a trowel, a stamp-stencil.
  • Structural. It is a viscous mixture. It is made of cement, lime, latex. It is characterized by a thin layer structure. After applying the layer it is smoothed with a roller, making the thickness equal to the grain of the composition. After 12 hours of drying, the surface is rubbed with a trowel, covered with a layer of primer, painted.
  • Venetian. In fact, this is a kind of textured plaster. It consists of marble, quartz, malachite chips. Also applied with a spatula. The movements may be chaotic. After the first one has dried, the next layer is applied, their number is determined by the master on his own, but the total thickness should not exceed 5 mm.

It is quite difficult to work with the material, this will require good construction skills, if there are none, then you should use the services of specialists.

Wallpaper

Facing the ceiling surface wallpaper is still popular. This is due to their low cost, a large range of products that differ in the structure, color, texture. Manufacturers produce products for every taste. Among the main ceiling materials can be distinguished: non-woven, paper, liquid, vinyl, and glass fiber.

If you need to hide defects on the ceiling, to improve noise insulation, it is better to give preference to vinyl options based on non-woven fabric. Washable wallpapers that can be cleaned with ordinary detergents are suitable for the bathroom, toilet and kitchen. Embossed volume models are suitable for painting the ceiling.

Special attention should be paid to liquid wallpaper. They are still confused with decorative plaster, due to a similar technique of fixing to the surface. Their main difference lies in the composition, which includes silk, cotton, cellulose fibers. In appearance, they are simultaneously similar to ordinary paper wallpaper and decorative plaster. The most expensive - silk options.


Expanded polystyrene tile

This low-cost type of ceiling cladding is made from polystyrene, which is a type of foam. It is characterized by light weight, attractive appearance, noise, heat insulating qualities. However, it is very soft, afraid of mechanical effects, requires constant care, and the spots that have appeared cannot be removed. According to the method of manufacture, there are three main types:

  • Pressed. It is produced by mechanical stamping. The cheapest option with a weak relief and inexpressive pattern.
  • Extruded. It is made by means of special installation - an extruder. Have a smooth, shiny surface. Differs in high density.
  • Injection. The material is poured into the form, after curing the finished product is obtained. After its installation does not remain seams.

When buying, it is better to give preference to laminated models. The material is easy to clean, has a shiny glossy surface. To be sure of quality, experts recommend that you familiarize yourself with the product certificate, choose a trusted manufacturer, for example, Armstrong.

Stretch ceiling

The design consists of a canvas, mounted on a metal or plastic profile, located under the base of the ceiling. All products are divided into two main types: fabric, film. The first ones are a textile cloth impregnated with polyurethane made of polyester yarn. The second type is made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), can have a glossy, matte, satin texture.

There are options for multi-level designs. Such models allow you to visually divide the space into separate zones. Standard tension products can have photo printing, which is applied using special printers. Of all the images separately, you can distinguish the starry sky, where the effect is achieved due to the chaotic flickering of fiber optic filaments located above the canvas.

With the help of finishing you can realize any design idea. Cloths are characterized by long service life and safety. PVC models are not afraid of moisture, so they can be installed in the bathroom. When choosing them, it is worthwhile to foresee the presence of good ventilation, since they completely isolate the ceiling surface, in case of moisture ingress, mold can appear there.

Concrete ceiling

An open, raw slab will become indispensable for a loft style, whose lovers made a whole cult out of concrete. In combination with wooden flooring the room will look very stylish. Наряду с балочным и плиточным перекрытием, бетонный потолок может быть облицован разными материалами.It will be a good base for whitewashing, wallpaper, tile, and other coatings. Separately, it is worth paying attention to the structures fixed to the ceiling base on the suspensions.

Suspended ceiling options

Finished products are characterized by high aesthetic qualities, practicality, and have several advantages in comparison with standard paint, whitewash. They help to hide all defects, engineering and other communications, have a long service life, allow you to implement various design solutions. The concept of suspended ceiling combines a whole group of different types, namely:

  • drywall models;
  • lath;
  • cassette;
  • lattice;
  • from laminate.


Plasterboard suspended ceiling

This is one of the most common materials used for cladding. With the help of the GKL sheet of the ceiling surface one can give almost any shape, organize smooth transitions, various shapes, wavy, straight lines, multi-tiered structures. The main feature of the material is a perfectly flat plane.

Depending on the purpose of the room, the required type of raw material is selected. GKLV (moisture-proof) is suitable for the bath, for the kitchen - GKLVO (moisture-fire-resistant), the rest of the rooms are finished with a standard GKL. The installation of this skin begins with the installation of a frame consisting of metal profiles. Sheets of drywall are attached to it.

Rack false ceiling

The product includes a supporting frame, with rails attached to it. The finish is characterized by light panels, so the design does not sag under its weight. Often used as an accent. Made from aluminum, steel, wood, polyvinyl chloride.

There are two main types of profile systems: open, closed. By the number of levels, there are: single-level, multi-level. The division in shape: curvilinear, cubic, V-shaped, straight, curved. By type of coating: matte, glossy, mirror, textured.

Cassette ceiling type

Finished products are represented by a profile system and decorative modules. This design is typical for offices, public institutions, but sometimes found in residential buildings. There are many types of panels, among which can be distinguished plasterboard, mineral, chipboard, wood, metal, mirror models.

The coating is characterized by durability, long service life, easy maintenance. Allows you to install a variety of lighting. Like all suspended versions, they take up to 20 cm in height, therefore they are unsuitable for rooms with low ceilings.

Latticed ceilings Grilyato

This type of decoration is often installed in shopping, business centers, car dealerships, hotels. Products include profiles "Mom", "Dad", mounting materials, adjustable suspension, aluminum tape. The covering masks the space located behind it, provides good ventilation.

Developed a system by Italian designers in the 1970s. Among the main types are: blinds, pyramidal models, multi-level, classic options. Facing is characterized by moisture-proof, fire-resistant, hygienic qualities. The material has a rather high cost.

Laminated suspended ceiling

Universal material successfully migrated from floors to the ceiling and became one of the favorite coatings for many owners of extravagant interiors. Laminate successfully imitates wood, surpasses it in many respects. The sheet consists of several layers of woodworking products, the porous structure of which provides good sound insulation.

For finishing of a ceiling use a usual floor laminate. Any type of lock will do. The main thing in this case - aesthetic qualities. Its durability goes to the background, since the only pressure exerted on it is periodic rubbing with a damp cloth. For installation, you can use the thinnest strips (square, standard, overall).

Mirrored ceilings

Unusual reflective ceiling - a bold, popular solution. The stylish, multifunctional design is especially suitable for small rooms, expands the space, makes the room lighter. A variety of coating options allows you to complement any interior. Mirror ceiling can be of several types:

  • Classic glass. The best reflector. The parts are heavy, they require the most reliable fastening;
  • Reflective polystyrene plates. Special mirror plastic in a roll has an adhesive base. Suppose installation is not all lighting fixtures;
  • Aluminum ceiling. Mounted using rack systems. On hangers stacked stack metal rails;
  • PVC surfaces. Mirror ceiling of glossy PVC film. Well reflects the light, eliminated the risk of collapse of structural elements.


Coffered ceiling

The ceiling of the wooden beams with square grooves has the greatest aesthetics among such options. Luxurious, pompous decoration with natural materials can mask any surface imperfections. You can sheathe the ceiling yourself.

Difficult in execution, expensive design will not fit into any interior. More appropriate design will look in a country house. Not suitable for small rooms with low ceilings. Caissons are also made of drywall, polyurethane.

Independent installation implies the presence of ready-made slabs. They are installed on the base, for example, on the wallpaper. With the help of special mixtures, beams and cassettes are attached to the ceiling pasted in beforehand.

Ceiling decoration textiles

One of the most original, stylish types of decoration. A huge range of colors and textures makes the canvas versatile, suitable for any style. For arranging the ceiling with textiles use the following methods:

  • Tensioning systems. Apply synthetic materials with polyurethane impregnation. Fix the design on a special frame with clips and baguettes;
  • Drapery. For finishing the ceiling using almost any fabric. Due to the variety of types and textures, the finishing method is suitable for any interiors. You can create unimaginable effects, make interesting bends;
  • Sticking. Suitable satin or silk fabrics. They glue the ceiling surfaces with butt-end cloths using a special glue that does not leave stains and stains.

Natural wood trim

Natural wood retains heat well, creates a homely atmosphere. In rooms with such ceilings comfort is always felt, a unique aroma soars. The variety of natural shades and textures, the flexibility of the material allows you to implement the most daring design ideas.

For finishing of ceiling surfaces often use lining. Installation of the material is very simple, thanks to the special grooves and grooves. It can be simply laid in even rows, mounted on special beams to change the shade, direction or paint with colors, decorate with carvings.

A great option for country houses - the ceiling of the timber. Especially strong, durable material possesses all characteristics of lining, in many indicators even surpasses it. Of the minuses can be noted the complexity of installation, the need for good ventilation. Also, it will have to periodically soak with special compounds.


Cork Coating & Finishing

Natural material has excellent decorative qualities. Environmentally friendly, moisture-resistant coating can be mounted in rooms with high humidity. Cork products are not widely used, since they are characterized by a high price and a limited service life compared to other materials. For finishing use:

  • Cork wallpaper;
  • Roll cork;
  • Self-adhesive products;
  • Cork panels.

Bamboo trim

Hard but lightweight material is indispensable in eco style. Bamboo ceilings are not afraid of moisture, have high performance. There are the following types of ceiling coverings:

  • Bamboo stalks. Solid dried trunks look as natural as possible, but when laid they form rather large cracks;
  • Ceiling plates. Made of pressed twisted stalks. Panel thickness up to 4 mm;
  • Bamboo canvas. Hard rolled wallpaper ideal for ceiling. There are many decorative options with painted, imprinted, burned ornament;
  • Mosaic. Small squares are used to highlight a specific area that attracts attention with an unusual texture;

Combined ceilings

Techniques for using several materials at once to finish the ceiling are very popular. In this way, you can successfully differentiate the space, close the communication, correct the defects of the rough finish. Negative points include installation complexity. Installation of various structures can take a lot of time.

You can combine any materials on the ceiling. The tension structures welded from materials of different textures, films and fabrics look good. Also, these paintings are combined with GCR. You can create various patterns of stained glass inserts, glass panels, mosaics.

You can make interesting compositions on the ceiling not only with the help of a combination of materials. A variety of colors and textures will make the surface attractive and original. It can be monochrome, contrasting multi-level designs.

Types of lighting and lighting

Ceiling lighting has long ceased to have only domestic value. Due to the variety of lighting devices, their forms, methods of installation, you can create the necessary atmosphere, highlight zones, make accents. Lamps should be selected taking into account the type of ceiling, the desired amount of light.

Chandelier - a classic version. Most models are heavy, therefore they are suitable only for durable surfaces. Such lamps provide a diffuse, intense flow. They are able to illuminate the sloping, two-level ceiling.

Spot lights can be external and internal. Externally attractive products are able to heat the ceiling trim, so they are suitable only for non-combustible materials. Focused flux emit lamps of directional light. They are used to highlight certain areas. Neon, LED strip for hidden lighting mounted in the bedrooms, nurseries, corridors.

Conclusion

For finishing the ceiling fit any material. In order to choose that option, it is necessary to properly evaluate its characteristics, take into account the purpose of the room and possible risks of damage. Kesson expensive finishing, heavy timber will be out of place in a standard apartment, and whitewashing and paint - in a stylish modern interior.

Watch the video: Best and Fastest Way to Texture a Ceiling (March 2024).

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