Planning of the dacha +100 photo arrangement options

For planning and arrangement of the site is not enough data on the area and shape. It is necessary to take into account the location, geographical orientation, topography, climate and soil condition. The configuration of a large rectangular plot sometimes leaves the owner no choice but a few basic layout options. It is not necessary to acquire areas with a territory that receives a small amount of sunlight or with the prospect of waterlogging, strong winds and soil of high acidity. The presence of slope and unusual shape should not be taken as a minus. It is necessary to study in detail all aspects before construction and earthworks. In all cases, it is recommended to ask the opinion of experienced professionals. Mistakes in calculations and lost nuances can do with the loss of a large amount of money and time. In addition, there are many rules, regulations and recommendations in terms of functionality and design of the plot.

Features of the site

The configuration of land plots, including private and municipal ownership, is regulated by the relevant organizations of the settlement or its individual regions. For most land plots, a rectangular shape with a pronounced long side of about 20 meters in length is characteristic. Less common is a triangular, curvilinear, trapezoidal, square layout. The plots are distinguished by relief, geographical orientation (to the north, to the east, etc.), the presence or absence of vegetation and its type. There may be stones on the surface. Environment also matters. The territory may be adjacent to the forest, lake, river, planting, other areas. When designing a house, first pay attention to the geographical direction: it is desirable that most of the free area is from the south side, and the entrance and veranda - from the north.

Relief

The task of landscape design may consist both in changing the relief of the site, and in the use of existing forms. Some mounds are difficult to level. From large do rock gardens, make out coniferous plants and stones. Sometimes create a "dry" stream of pellets and white flowers on the edges. Lowland is used to create a pond. The optimum depth of the pit is 1-2 meters. The pond is equipped with filters and pumps. Lowland can not be planted with large plants. The slopes are formed retaining walls and cylindrical or rectangular gabions with rubble. On the climbs planted spiraeus, Deren, magnolia. A small hilly area is equipped with steps. This will visually increase the area; functional tasks will be performed. The steps are made as a continuation of the tracks. It is desirable that the angle of the stairs was small.

Plants that are recommended to be planted in areas with more or less significant elevation difference:

filbert;
quince;
cotoneaster.

Plot form

A square plot is a suitable option if you need to build a house of an unusual shape or think over everything to the smallest detail. In a square area just planted gardens, experimenting with landscape design. The rectangular shape leaves less space for the implementation of creative ideas. The long / elongated section provides a close location to adjacent objects. The territory with such a picture will not work if you need to equip a quiet secluded corner. There are restrictions in choosing a project for an extended piece. On the long garden you can make a swimming pool, a golf course, an elongated vegetable garden; plant a vineyard. In the area of a triangular shape, objects around the house are made round or octahedral. The edges are framed by narrow landings. L-shaped array provides for the construction of houses in the territory of the smaller part, and the recreation area, garden and economic zones are placed in line.

Plot size

By different standards, the minimum area for building a house is 2-8 acres. Area about 500 square meters. m (5 acres) is enough to build a house and improve the territory. On a plot of 5-6 acres will not be able to build a spacious housing. The optimal location for the house - the corner of the territory. On a plot of 12 hectares, there are many options for zoning, and the housing itself is placed near the center. You can build a few small buildings for household purposes and guest houses. It is necessary to allocate an extensive area for recreation. Plots from 20 acres have many advantages. The main one is the possibility of building a spacious home. On the territory you can realize unusual ideas, build large objects, equip a large number of square, rectangular zones and blocks of irregular shape.

Soil quality

The suitability of land for agricultural activities is determined by analysis of acidity and mechanical composition. It is recommended to use the services of specialists. Alternatively, the analysis can be performed using litmus paper. From different ends of the site take samples of the earth. They are dried, mixed, put in a glass and filled with distilled water. Ordinary mineral water is not suitable, tap too. The contents of the container are shaken and left. A day later, the top colorless layer of liquid is drained, and the indicator paper is dipped into the container. The level of acidity is detected by a color scale. This indicator can be determined by the vegetation that is on the site. Sorrel, horsetail, plantain, pikulnik, belous grow on the acidic substrate. Mechanically, the soil is classified into clayey (rolled into a "sausage" or ball), loamy (into a ball), sandy and sandy (not rolled).

It is necessary to check the quality of the soil every 2-3 years.

Ground water level

Determine the depth of groundwater can be yourself. It is necessary to obtain this information before the construction of the house, digging a well, planting bushes and trees begins. Check carried out either in late autumn or spring (after melting snow). It is undesirable for underground water sources to be above a 5-6 meter depth. The presence of surface groundwater is determined by the state of the vegetation. Large apple trees will not survive if water sources are close to the surface. The presence of cattail indicates that from the surface to groundwater is less than a meter. If the meadowsweet, alder, willow, horsetail, reed grow - no more than 3 meters. Licorice and wormwood can be found on the soil with the occurrence of water not lower than 5-meter depth. Sometimes, isolated vegetation pointing to one side indicates a high location of water sources; similar observation is applicable in areas where there are no strong winds.

Side of the world

Much depends on the shape and topography of the site in combination with the geographical orientation. The vest may have a sloping topography or even be on a slope. On the southern slope, the building is built on the north side and as high as possible. On the north - on the east or west side. For the sake of landscaping you should choose a western one. Living quarters should ideally be located on the east, south or southeast side. Proper distribution of rooms in the building will increase the level of comfort, save electricity and heat. The entrance to the house is best done from the north, north-west or north-east side. Garden, garden and recreation area organized by the south or east edge. On the western side of the site should land a landing to protect against cold winds. On the east it is better to plant bushes and trees of any height.

Principles of zoning and functional areas

The territory around the building equip at least 2/3 of the area. Under the recreation area, ideally, twice as much land is allocated than under the garden and economic areas combined. Important and distance between objects. Around the house and adjacent buildings leave 3 meters of free space. From the place of livestock to other objects should be at least 4 meters. On the windward side, wind-resistant plants are planted in one dense row, which makes it possible to use the adjacent space to the full. In regions with a high wind load, landing is done from all sides. Fire safety regulations require compliance with the 5-meter distance between the walls of the building and the territory outside the site. The construction standards provide for a 3-meter distance between the house and the adjacent plot (5-meter if the house is wooden), 2-meter distance from medium-height trees and 4-meter from high.

Other functional areas that may be present on the site:

front door;
working;
decorative (part of the zone is a decorative garden, but it does not include fruit).

Parade area

It can be divided into entry and entry subzones. For the arrangement of this area it is necessary to choose high-quality cladding materials. The variability of styles is small: it is worth highlighting landscape and regular, their modifications. The entrance group usually includes parterny lawns, ornamental trees, flower arrangements. Sometimes make fountains, benches and small gazebos, secluded areas. The entrance zone is in the form of a rectangle, square, or figure with small rounded shapes. The optimal width of the tracks - 1.2-2 meters. It is better to choose tiles as a coating, but colored paving stones will also work. The main element of the entrance area is the gate. Ideal width - from 3.5-4 meters. Not far from the entrance is to provide parking space. Scheme of arrival make fan or consistent. The parking lot is fenced off with ornamental plants, sometimes covered with a canopy. In the entry area you can plant ornamental bushes.

Living

By this term is meant either the house itself with its surroundings, or the transition zone between it and the open territory. Front gardens are also part of this sector. The paths around the main house can be separated with bars and clipped hedge from the bushes. The fence at a short distance from the building is decorated with climbing plants. It is better to isolate the decorative garden and the economic zone from the residential sector. It is recommended to arrange a wide summer terrace in this area (if there is such an opportunity). You can do several: one wide and the other in the form of a narrow veranda. It is necessary to allocate about 20 square meters. m to the playground. The central element can be a slide or a swing. In the design of a residential area, it is customary to use accent details to make it stand out from the rest. It is necessary to think over the residential area in advance, since then it will be difficult to make any changes.

Rest zone

On large plots there is an opportunity to organize a large recreation area. In the center, a table and wide chairs are usually set, a brazier is installed nearby. In large areas will not be superfluous to the pool. Rocking chairs and swing sofas will relax and have a good time. This is an open-air recreation area. A block of the closed type can represent a wide terrace, partially or completely closed. It can adjoin the main building or stand separately. A closed area is also an open area under a canopy. The geometry of a country house can create a courtyard (patio). In this case, the recreation area is located there, and accordingly, is part of the residential unit. Recently, a universal option has become fashionable - a zone separated by mobile partitions, frames and curtains. They can be removed within a few minutes and turn the closed area into the open.

Garden area

This area requires careful maintenance. The garden subzone is decorative, but its plants can also bear fruit. The garden is decorated in all possible ways: cut trees and bushes, flower arrangements, rock gardens, fountains, figurines. To move around the garden, you need to lay paved paths in the form of rounded lines. Flower beds can be made vertical, propping them with wooden bars. The combination of trees, bushes and flowers must be considered, guided by the generally accepted rules. Garden area should receive a lot of sunlight. The soil is saturated with nitrogen fertilizers. Some plants, mainly legumes, can also enrich it with nitrogen. Places for planting crops need to alternate. Under cold climatic conditions, the garden function is performed by the greenhouse. No need to think about the visual design of the garden.

Household

It is placed in the most remote parts of the allotment. The zone is intended for sheds, technical objects, warehouses with tools, cages for keeping birds and livestock. Also here are garden furniture. Nearby they make a dump with waste materials and a compost pit. They need to hide or isolate, so that they do not spoil the overall picture. Thickets of roses can act as a hedge. Place the household unit in the north-west of the site. Dry closets will be appropriate in this area. Between the household part and the recreation area, a path is being laid. The minimum recommended area of a household unit is 18 square meters. The territory of this zone will need to be covered with materials that do not interfere with cleaning up there. The space around spread wooden flooring or stone.

All bulky items for work on site should be stored in one closed utility room.

Drawing up a plan and placement of buildings

The plan is made according to the same algorithm as when shooting a territory. First, the main objects and those that will play the role of reference points are plotted on the drawing. The building inside the plot is drawn after arranging the driveways. The difference between the distances in the plan and the measured should not be more than 0.4 mm in proportion (scale) of the plan. The plot drawing indicates its cadastral number, area and location, as well as information about the owner. The objects of economic purpose - garages, sheds, baths, as a rule, are located in the depth of the territory, stand apart or adjoin the main house. Background objects can be used as a windscreen. Household facilities are recommended to keep as far as possible from the main building. The location for the main house is selected on the basis of a well-thought-out concept of zoning territory. The entry subzone is short.

The procedure for planning the site:

Collect the necessary information.
Decide on the size of the zones.
Make a decision about the location of all zones and objects.
If necessary, make the necessary changes in terms of residential and work areas.

Zoning methods

The division of the site into zones is a project on the organization of the territory. Distribution must be rational. It is better to allocate 20% of the territory to the economic block, totally 70% to the recreation area, the garden and the vegetable garden. As a separator of the territory into sub-parts, paths are used. They are covered with tiles or paving stones, but there is also a homemade version that uses granite gravel and layers of sand and ordinary gravel. Another method of separation - hedges. They are low (up to 0.5 meters), medium (0.5-2 meters) and high (above 2 meters). The latter are made from field maple, mulberry, velma elm. For the purpose of delimitation also a height difference is used. In this case, the zone connect the stairs. Beautifully highlight the functional space will help arches, including live. The trellis can be used to divide the site into parts and improve its appearance as a whole - trellis structures of any shape.

Styles

Registration of the site involves two main approaches. The first, formal, is traditional, with a large number of restrictions, but with thorough execution. Any object can create a sense of style: trees, bushes, stones, humps, zone dividers. It is not recommended to formalize one part of the territory in the formal style, and the other in the landscape. However, the second style implies a combination of features of many decorative styles. Zones of the land can be performed in different styles. The owner is given the opportunity to use his taste and realize his own views in the field of decor. He has the freedom to choose plants, based on their shape, size and color. In the process of creating harmony and comfort, it is important to avoid stylistic mistakes. Arbors with climbing plants, beautiful vineyards, walls covered with moss can act as decorating elements.

Formal or regular

This style will appeal to supporters of classical garden art. It combines strict lines and geometric harmony. The overall composition includes the house. Regular (formal) style includes features that can be combined or used separately. These include the central axis with the division of the area into two equal halves with smooth branches without bends. Objects are placed mirror, in all symmetry is observed. The entrance subzone is large, with perimeter vegetation. Mandatory elements are shrubs and trees. Statues, stairs, fountains and other small architectural forms are used to decorate the garden. Найдется место для арабесок, бордюров, рабаток и цветников.In small areas to implement such a style will be difficult. Large land plots are additionally decorated with a large garden orchestra.

Landscape or landscape

The plot decorated in this style looks as natural as possible. All forms of relief are used, and any minuses find their purpose and become visual decorations. Adhere to the landscape style is much easier than straight and accurate regular. Owner is given more freedom. However, one should not confuse originality with neglect, ignore the rules of color compatibility. Style implies the absence of symmetry. Instead of perfectly flat lawns, clipped glades are made. Plants are grown mixed up. Fountains are replaced by small ponds of irregular shape. More specific manifestations of landscape design are embodied in East Asian and English styles. The first is known for its beauty, harmony, perfect arrangement of details. The second is represented by rich colors, a combination of strict and rounded shapes, arches and wickets, climbing plants.

Other design options in landscape style:

Mediterranean style;
modern;
Provence

The decor and design of the site

A full-fledged private area is not complete without the main functional areas. Each requires proper arrangement and decoration. External fencing - the first thing that catches your eye. It can be coated with a beautiful texture or metallic shapes. Various protective structures designed to emphasize the garden, to create comfort. It is customary to frame a garden subzone with tall plants in order to create a quiet, secluded place. For large elevation differences should be treated as an advantage. Numerous stairs, narrow and wide paths, small man-made waterfalls will help to decorate the area. On more or less spacious suburban areas it is customary to create an artificial reservoir. If during the summer period the allotment will function, then a large amount of external lighting will be needed. In winter, it can be altered on a holiday.

Artificial ponds

At the very beginning are determined with a place for the pit. Preferably, a partition in the form of a fence or landing is nearby. It is not necessary to place an artificial reservoir in an area that receives too much sunlight throughout the year, because this causes the growth of algae and microorganisms. The role of the base material is performed by PVC film or reinforced concrete construction. The film is flexible, the form can be changed. In the second case, the banks are poured with concrete reinforced with reinforcing bars. It is a reliable and tight design. The most interesting option may be an artificial store pond. But the advantage in the form of an unusual form is leveled by the fact that digging a pit will be more difficult. The pit can be prepared without any extra tools. Its walls are cleaned and tamped, sprinkled with clean sand.

Live and decorative fences

They give the exterior a final look. Decorative fences at the expense of their interesting details chained the eyes of the guests, becoming the site of games for young children. Plastic fences adorn flower beds, flower beds and front gardens, enclose walkways, sports and children's playgrounds. Artificial or natural stone makes the fence reliable. Metal fences are expensive and do not always look presentable, but they are able to diversify the design of the site with their forged and welded shapes. The market provides the opportunity to order the manufacture of exclusive metal fences. Among the plant materials, bamboo and wattle stands out: the plot is made in the eastern or rural ethno-styles. Living fences made of trees and continuous lines of bushes will become the hallmark of any residential area.

Tasks that perform fencing:

restriction;
decoration;
placement of accents;
division into zones.

Garden paths

These elements differ in shape (it is strict and irregular), width (narrow and wide) and the structure of the coating. The tracks can have a complete structure or consist of many separate fragments, for example, stone slabs or wooden saw cuts. Pavement or paving slabs are most often used as a coating. This material looks beautiful, comfortable fit, durable and diverse in terms of color and shape. The main disadvantage is the cost, but for the decoration of the tracks it makes no sense to choose cheap materials. Clinker panels will make the exterior more modern and stylish. The structure of the garden path includes curbs, drainage, cushion and cover. The pillow is formed from four layers - two sandy, one layer of rubble and the top level from a dry mix. All materials are divided into 3 types: soft, hard and combined.

Lighting

The choice of lighting for the land is almost unlimited: figurines, shells, columns, decorative lights, garlands; upper, lower, "moon", cross-lighting, the effect of reflected light. Illumination is hung on bushes, treetops, fastened between plants. With its help make out the verandas, terraces, barriers and sheds. Garlands with large elements, simple colored lamps, glowing figures of cartoon characters have an unusual appearance. Pond make out the point LED lamps. Lamps in the form of pillars provide illumination tracks. In the process of creating an electrical connection plan, you need to decide how the devices will turn on and off. It is recommended to create an automated lighting system. Control is accomplished with a conventional temporary, astronomical, or twilight relay.

A few tips on arranging the plots

Any allotment is suitable to become a cozy place to live or country rest. Sites of unusual shape need to make out with taste. The most advantageous option is considered to be put on with a slope. The presence of a slope in principle is not a disadvantage. An important role is played by plants. They can protect from the wind, the sun, make the landscape more beautiful, and also strengthen the soil, visually expand the territory. If construction is planned on a site of an unusual configuration, then the help of professionals will be required. Without them, it will be difficult for a person to make the right decision regarding the location of buildings and auxiliary facilities. On a quadrilateral plot of irregular shape, it is better to place the main apartment building in one of the corners. The main decoration of any private area is a garden. Proper design and beautiful decoration of the garden area compensates for many of the shortcomings that exist on the site.

How to visually enlarge the area

The space can be "expanded" by plants. Grass is made as low as possible. It can be cut in such a way that alternating stripes in shades of green are obtained. The fence from the entrance side is emphasized with small ornamental bushes. Some trees must be tall in order to “peek out” from behind a fence. Against a blue sky, tall plants appear more distant. The upper part of the main fence is decorated with climbing vegetation with dense foliage. The ensemble of plants of different heights is better placed near the center of the site. Accumulations of various vegetation in the corners contribute to the creation of an "expanding" effect, but in order to save usable area there must be empty. On the perimeter in some places install large mirrors. Arched elements are also able to visually enlarge the area.

Other ways to visually zoom in:

use of light or natural tones;
an increase in the transition zone near the house;
creation of landscape forms.

Planning a round shape

On a land plot of rounded shape, the main building must have at least one rounded side. Experts do not advise building an elongated house of a complex configuration on an o-shaped or round shape. One of the proven planning options provides for the location of the main house in the very center, planting almost all the ornamental vegetation on the borders of the allotment. The garden should be placed in the middle between the center and the edge, so that when working on the beds there are no difficulties. Owners often try to hide or emphasize the irregular shape of their site. In the first case, you need to land a lot of vegetation in a flat line on the inside of the landing. Do it only in one of the segments of the site. If there is a desire, on the contrary, to emphasize a rounded look, then the flower beds, the garden, arbors and fences are arranged according to the principle of concentric circles.

If the plot has a slope

Allotment with a slope is usually cheaper, but the costs of its arrangement level this benefit. The main advantage of such a territory is an interesting appearance, a large variety of design solutions. The plot is planted with a large number of plants, almost everywhere. They strengthen the slopes. Be sure to have inclined winding paths, and in most cases, and stairs. On tracks with a large number of bends, the steepness of the rise will be less. Ladders are equipped with railings. The slope of the marches is below 45 °. Large terraces will allow you to win a lot of space. In addition, there will be no need for a large number of high walls. To prevent masses from sliding down from the slopes, special structures are created - geomaterial (it can be a geogrid or geotextiles), gabions, retaining walls, embankments.

The main disadvantage of the sloped section is the difficulty in binding the main building to the relief.

Conclusion

Making a plot at a cottage or near a country house will be not only useful, but also an interesting occupation. Some work can be done independently. Experience gardening, knowledge in the field of landscape design, the ability to use various tools and work with materials and blanks. The first priority is a preliminary study of the characteristics of the land plot. Climatic conditions, slope, soil quality, geographical orientation, depth of groundwater - only some of the parameters that will depend on the layout of the site and the final budget. Some minuses can be turned into pluses. Comfort depends on the correct prioritization. Determining the size and location for zones is the first stage of decoration. Then you need to think of what design elements will be equipped for each of them.