How to organize lighting design

Carefully thought-out lighting design should not only transform the interior, but also provide comfort and preserve the health of the inhabitants of the house. At the stage of creating a project, a variety of nuances are taken into account.

Types of lighting and their functions

There are two main types of light sources:

  • natural - natural;
  • artificial - technical devices of various designs.

The intensity of natural lighting is directly related to the time of day, depending on the season, geographic location and atmospheric phenomena. Natural light is the most optimal from the point of view of physiology and vital activity. But it is not enough for full functioning. That is why so much attention is paid to the planning of artificially created additional lighting. It includes incandescent, fluorescent and LED devices.

The main options for artificial lighting:

  • general;
  • accented;
  • working;
  • combined.

    

General lighting

This is the most common form, without which no room can do. The light comes from above and spreads evenly throughout the room. The most striking example is the chandelier in the center of the ceiling. It does not give a light figure with clear edges that can be clearly distinguished on the floor or on the wall.

General lighting can be divided into:

  • directional - the most common option. It is characterized by the creation of a single light spot. It can be organized using open lamps in the form of a cone, hemisphere, a truncated ball, a cube, a trapezium, a cylinder, a rectangle;
  • indirect - formed by the reflection of light from the walls or ceiling;
  • diffuse - the light is scattered through a frosted glass or a paper lampshade of a spherical shape. It does not strain the eyes and is most comfortable for a person. The rays spread evenly at an angle of up to 360 degrees. This is due to the use of opaque closed ceiling lamps;
  • mixed - formed due to the special form of translucent lamps with open top and bottom. These modern models are increasingly used in the design of apartments or offices. The glow comes from all sides - it makes its way through the walls, reflects off the ceiling and walls, falls from above with a straight light spot. This way of filling the space with light is the most productive.

Accent lighting

Accent or local lighting is used to highlight certain areas. Its main function is to draw attention to individual objects or areas in the room. It may carry a purely decorative load - the illumination of paintings, sculptures, or have practical significance. With the help of point inclusions, we can safely move up the stairs, orient ourselves in a dark closet, and look for the necessary items on the bedside table. Accent lighting allows you to play with space, snatching one zone or another from the darkness, giving them the main meaning depending on their use. For dinner, the dining group is highlighted. Then we move to the sofa to read in silence or, on the contrary, to chat with the household. In multifunctional rooms, for example, in one-bedroom apartments or studios, this method of illumination is simply necessary. It allows you to go about your business without interfering with each other. To create accents use floor lamps, table lamps, ceiling hanging devices, wall lamps, spot lighting, LED strip.

There are three types of accent lighting:

  • sharp - the formation of a bright spot with clearly defined edges. Light does not diffuse, the space outside the beam is immersed in darkness. This technique is used in the theater, when they allocate only a small area in which the action takes place. It is often used to focus attention on an object. It is suitable in order to emphasize the beauty of collection items in glass cases, to highlight the expressive architectural elements - columns, bas-reliefs, arches. The beam can be directed up, down or directly at an object at an angle of 30 degrees;
  • softened - created with the help of luminaires equipped with a power regulator. Allows you to effectively, but unobtrusively highlight the necessary details. The obvious advantages are the achievement of a less dramatic atmosphere and energy saving;
  • soft - is organized to focus attention on objects that are harmful bright light - paintings and other objects of art. It is formed with the help of matte lamp shades placed above the object.

Work light

Good lighting is necessary for efficient and safe operation. Under conditions of light deficiency, the load on vision increases, which can lead to its reduction. Due to constant tension, not only the eyes get tired, but in general the body becomes tired. A person is not able to work for a long time and productively in the twilight. The effectiveness and complexity of such activities as drawing, knitting, jewelry, sewing, reading, writing, cooking directly depends on the quality of lighting and its orientation. The total light falls from above, so a shadow is created on the workspace. It is necessary to equip this area with special directional sources - a table lamp, a sconce, a floor lamp, and point turning devices. It is better not to use luminescent variants in these zones, as they often blink and distort colors, and this negatively affects the vision. Halogen devices are much better perceived, but they are not economical enough. Therefore, the best choice - LED designs that produce a pleasant glow for the eyes and consume many times less electricity.

Combined lighting

The essence of this option is the combination of the previously described methods. The project of any interior certainly contains a combination of different types of lighting. In some rooms, the total dominates, in others accent. For example, in the living room a central role is given to luxurious or laconic multi-track chandeliers. And in the study or bedroom bright overall light is not so important, but here you can’t do without a good desk lamp or wall lamp. Light - one of the most popular tools for zoning rooms. In the children's room, in addition to the general, local devices are needed in the work and play area. In the kitchen - above the dining table and above the surface for cooking. In the bathroom and hallway - in the area of ​​the mirror or decorative niche. The combination of different options can be observed in any room, but it acquires a special significance in a multi-functional. In living rooms combined with a bedroom, kitchen or dining room it is especially important to provide for the possibility of different lighting scenarios.

Rules and regulations

The use of artificial lighting has caused the need to develop clear requirements for its parameters. The well-being of a person, his emotional mood, the ability to work efficiently, the preservation of good vision depends on how well it is organized. Therefore, for various premises set their own specific rules. It is easy to guess that for the office and the closet their values ​​will not be the same. The main document, which you need to focus on, calculating the number and power of appliances in the apartment - SNiP 23-05-95. It regulates the natural and artificial lighting of residential, educational, commercial, industrial premises, as well as squares, parks, streets, squares.

The unit of measurement of illumination is Lux -1 lumen per square meter. m. The rate depends on the destination premises. For example, 150 Lk is enough for a living room, bedroom or dining room. In the nursery, it is necessary to provide 200Lx, in the bathroom or kitchen already 250, and in the office all 300. In the hallway, pantry, in the attic or in the basement, 50-60 Lx will be required.

About light sources

Natural sources include sunshine, stars glow, aurora, moonlight. Artificial resources - this is fire: a fire, torches, candles, and gas lamps, and electric lamps. The latter are divided into several types:

  • incandescent lamps - contain the body of the heat, which produces the glow. The design fits a spiral of tungsten or carbon filament. Then a vacuum is created in the flask. This prevents the oxidation of the metal. At the time of the circuit of the electric circuit, heating occurs, due to which the heating element begins to glow. The advantages of such lamps are that they withstand temperature differences well. No problem will work in a cold corridor or hot bath. The disadvantage of such lamps is that they consume a lot of energy and produce a large amount of heat;
  • halogen - their difference from the previous ones is that the flask is filled with pairs of halogens. They are used for the most powerful devices. Gas allows you to significantly increase the temperature of the spiral and extend the period of operation. Like conventional incandescent bulbs, halogen sources consume large amounts of energy to heat. Another disadvantage is the dependence on voltage surges;


 

  • fluorescent - bulb coated with a special coating from the inside. It emits light due to the constant burning of vapors enclosed in a flask. Compared with conventional lamps, the life of these devices is much longer. The obvious plus is cost effectiveness. Lamps consume 5-7 times less electricity than halogen. The disadvantages include the difficulty of use - the need to use additional devices - starting mechanism, starter. There are other drawbacks - flicker and sensitivity to low temperatures, air flow and humidity of the environment;
  • energy saving - a subspecies of fluorescent lamps. The spiral form and the presence of a standard base are added to the listed qualities of sources of this type. Because of this, lamps can be used in ordinary chandeliers and lamps without any additional designs;
  • LED - revolutionary devices based on the use of LEDs. In contrast to the predecessors, they do not heat up and flicker, and also tolerate environmental influences and power drops. The high cost of the instruments is more than repaid by a long service life and an unsurpassed low resource consumption.

Natural light and how to regulate it

Direct exposure to the room of natural light can bring some discomfort. Reflected from mirror and glossy surfaces, harsh sunlight will irritate the eyes. In addition, they heat the room too much, and this is not always desirable, especially in summer. Therefore, there are various ways to protect against daylight penetration and to regulate its amount.
Traditionally, for this purpose, using a variety of curtains, tulle. The choice of material depends on the needs of the owners of the premises. You can choose light transparent curtains, which only slightly adjust the light. Or deaf drapes that create absolute darkness in the room even during the daytime. Blinds and roller blinds are used as light regulators. There is a more radical solution - to install double-glazed windows with a special coating to reflect the sun's rays. This is especially true for skylights in the attic floor. And for those who do not have the opportunity to change the glass, full of proposals for tinting film, self-adhesive.

If light is not enough, it can be “caught” with:

  • window extensions;
  • introducing reflective surfaces, light finish and furniture into the interior;
  • removal of trees and bushes covering the windows.

About lamps and their placement

A harmonious lighting scenario is created based on the characteristics of the room, the design direction. Properly chosen accents allow you to visually change the space to correct its shortcomings and emphasize the merits.

The “Queen” of the lighting design is still the chandelier. In a large room with high ceilings using massive structures on a long suspension. Low ceilings - a reason to reduce the length of the cord or chain and direct the rays upward, creating the illusion of elevated vaults. Spotlights can be an addition to the "main decoration" of the living room or act as a "foundation" in the hallway or bathroom. Sconces, spotlights, floor lamps, table lamps - serve as a highly specialized addition to the main light. Each of them has its specific responsibilities - lighting the workspace, places to relax, read, cook or eat. LED panels, cords, fiber are excellent tools for decorating a two-level stretch ceiling or walls. Cords mounted in plasterboard niches can be multi-colored. In order to change the color, you just need to press a button on the control panel. With the help of LEDs create a variety of patterns that look amazing at night.

Is there any lighting style?

To answer this question, you need to carefully look at the instruments that help light fill the room. The style directly depends on the characteristics of the lamps - the shape, color, and materials of manufacture. In classical interiors chandeliers and sconces with crystal pendants are welcome. In modern reign chrome devices. Pop art is filled with bright, sometimes awkward ceiling lamps. The interior of the country house in the style of Provence "warm" textile lampshades. Loft is inconceivable without production spotlights, track systems and spots. Country-style add rustic color forged or wooden structures. Modern make even more spectacular intricate lines and shapes. The chosen style influences the number of light sources, their power and placement.

Room lighting design

Proper organization of lighting is one of the primary design tasks. This is the most important component of the comfort and coziness of your home. Each room has its own rules for the selection and installation of certain devices. The light should emphasize the advantages of the chosen design, create a certain atmosphere.

Hallway and corridor

The hallway, as a rule, is devoid of sunlight. The use of artificial sources allows you to turn a gloomy corridor into a bright, attractive reception room. Cumbersome devices are useless here - why “eat” an already small space. In addition, the use of volume chandeliers and floor lamps in a confined space is not safe. It is better to place a ceiling spotlight here, and hang a wall lamp on the wall near the mirror. Enhance the illumination of LED lighting cabinet or decorative niches, as well as a mirror wall.

Living room

In the living room, the situation is reversed. Here the volume chandelier is more than appropriate. Since this is a common room, you need to provide different scenarios for highlighting. The sconce over the chair, the floor lamp by the sofa, the device made of LED fiber on the coffee table will perfectly fit into the interior. LED design with a variety of programs will help to relax on a weekday and decorate the holiday party.

Bedroom

The traditional design of the bedroom provides the presence of a ceiling light - chandeliers or devices built into the suspended ceiling, lamps in the area of ​​bedside tables and a dressing table. In addition, use LED lighting niches, cabinets, bed contour. Special chic is given to the room by theatrical mirrors, paintings with built-in lamps.

 

Kitchen

The division of this room into zones causes the use of common light and the emphasis of individual sections. Kitchen sets are often completed with built-in appliances, otherwise you can fix several energy-saving devices under the top drawers. Above the dining table is placed a long suspended ceiling or track structures. The main thing is not to use the lamp with a bluish glow - it makes the dishes unappetizing.

Children's

Children's - universal room. A child here learns, plays, rests and sleeps. Each activity involves the use of special space. Lighting zones must be appropriate for their purpose. In the training needed directional source, which will not strain your eyesight. For example, a folding table lamp on a clothespin or sconce. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid unnecessarily bright, flickering instruments. They contribute to fatigue and damage to the eyes. The game zone is illuminated from above - for this purpose a chandelier for several horns will be suitable. Do not hang crystal or forged lampshades - it is not safe. Playing a ball or playing a “wheel” is incompatible with long suspensions. It is better to choose a lightweight plastic specimen in the colors of the main palette. A rest or sleep area requires a soft diffused glow. A night light or vinyl phosphorescent stickers will do the best for this task. They are of different subjects, but the most popular is certainly the starry sky. For a teenager's room in the attic, use track systems and rows of identical single-hinged chandeliers or spots. Often they are fixed on the slopes of the roof.


 

Cabinet

Главное условие - хорошая освещенность рабочего стола, за которым занятые люди проводят целые дни. Это оказывает непосредственное влияние на их эффективность, предотвращает утомляемость, сохраняет здоровье глаз. Верхний свет не настолько важен. Он может быть рассеянным и ненавязчивым. The office does not need palace chandeliers, rather built-in devices and a desk lamp with a flexible or folding foot.

In any room at home lighting devices must be functional, safe, in harmony with the rest of the interior.

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