A private house or studio apartment with several levels suggests a staircase. At the design stage of the lift-and-release system, its appearance, style, structural elements (railings, steps, its fastening, etc.) should be taken into account.
In addition to the main function - ensuring the movement of residents of the house between floors (levels), the design should fit harmoniously into the interior, not to stand out from a single color range.
Stairs should be comfortable and safe.
If the area of the house is large - the facility can be placed in the center of the living room, if not - then in the hall or in the corner of the living room.
Today there is an unlimited choice of stair designs, their styles and decor elements for houses of any layout. It is only necessary to make the right choice in favor of a project.
Options for private homes
The main types of interfloor stairs are:
- front door;
- marching
- screw;
- swinging;
- on boltsy;
- attic, etc.
The project of the main staircase is individual and is created in accordance with the dimensions of the premises.
In the center of the room often set marching design with intermediate platforms.
A large house space can be decorated with a hinged lift system.
From below there is a march, then, a platform dividing the upper march into the right and left. Screw construction will help to save space in a house with limited space.
The staircase on the bridge will not look cumbersome and will give the interior lightness. Attic stairs can fold and retract into the hatch. Such a compact structure can only be opened if necessary.
On kosourah
Kosoura are the basis of the stairs of any design. Kosoura are strong bearing racks. They can be 3 - on the sides and in the center, 2 - on the sides or 1 - only in the center. Next, they fix the steps. If you look at the side of the stairs, the edges of the steps will be visible.
Kosoura designed to ensure the reliability of the design of the stage - bearing racks. Today, this kind of structures is in demand due to the fact that the structure does not “load” the space, it looks elegant and can be harmoniously incorporated into any room and interior. This is especially true of models without risers (this element provides additional strength).
On string
Manufacturing techniques for kosoura and bowstrings are similar to each other. The main difference is in the method of support steps. In the first case, kosouri act as a support for the steps and they are mounted on top. In the second - steps are placed between the string.
The most demanded model of this type is a building with mortise steps. In the body of the string make grooves (depth - about 20 cm), in which further steps and risers are installed. In order for the staircase to be even, a furniture conductor is used for accurate marking. The supports are connected by a metal bar.
On the Bolets
The ladder on the bolts (bolts) is characterized by simplicity and clarity of details. The model is ideal for the interior in the style of hi-tech.
Steps of this design are attached to long suspension bolts. They are held on iron railings. The risers are missing. The base of the stairs are stairs and Bolza.
The steps of this design are independent of each other and in case of damage can be easily replaced.
The structures on the boats are of different designs:
- steps rely only on bolza;
- from one side - to the bolza, from the other - to the wall (kosour, bowstring);
- high ladders can be combined: with reliance only on the bolts + the weight of the next flight can fall on the bridges and bolians.
Screw
It is advisable to install the screw design in a small studio apartment or a private house with several levels. Such models are less convenient in operation than direct ones. The steps of the spiral staircase are arranged around the central pillar, they have different widths, as a rule, insufficient.
Screw products erected from materials of low weight, support in the form of walls is missing. Such models can be located in the center of the room. Their main advantages are beautiful appearance, lightness, compactness.
This type of staircase should not be installed in a house where young children and the elderly live.
Types:
- In the center there is a support, narrow edges of steps fasten to it, wide - lean on walls.
- Steps are located separately in the form of a console and attached to the central axis. Such models can be located in the center of the room.
- Without central support. Steps adjoins a concave wall.
Marching
Marching staircase is simple, convenient and safe construction. This type is the most functional option for a country house.
Types of models:
- Single marches;
- Dvuhmarchevye;
- Multi-march
The most convenient option is no more than 10 steps in 1 march. If the number of steps is greater, 2 marches are erected. The separator is a playground. With a height of flight more than 3 m. They build a two-mast model.
- Species;
- Console;
- Spinal.
The steps of the cantilever staircase from one edge adjoin the main wall; from the other they have no support. The thickness of building materials for the console project should be 6 or more cm. This type looks original and not cumbersome. This is a good option in terms of design. However, the cantilever staircase is expensive.
Spinal stairs consist of individual parts that are inserted into each other, forming a one-piece structure.
Materials for production
For the manufacture of staircase structures that are intended to operate in private cottages or multi-level apartments, different materials and their combinations are used.
The most popular materials for this purpose are;
- tree;
- metal;
- glass;
- stone (natural and artificial, baby);
- ceramics.
Less commonly used other materials. In a country house and set concrete stairs. For greater comfort, such structures are covered with carpet paths.
In southern countries, ceramic tile laid over stone or concrete masonry is used as a material for internal lifting structures. These materials provide coolness in the house.
For the design of the steps are used mirror panels, which give the design lightness.
Ladders are also produced from steel and cast iron (cast iron structures are spiral-shaped).
Consider materials for the manufacture of lifting structures in more detail.
Metallic
Metal as a building material for the manufacture of staircase structures is durable, long service life. Metal designs can look easy and elegant. Such facilities will be appropriate in any interior, regardless of the area of the room.
This material is indispensable when installing an external staircase to the upper floor, attic, attic. Ladder structures can be made entirely of metal or have only a metal base, and the remaining elements (steps, balusters) - of wood.
The metal base includes:
- bearing beams (1 or 2), which account for the load;
- frame of steps, welded from a corner / shaped tube. Mounts on support racks;
- platform for turning and reducing the degree of inclination.
Metal stairs are:
- welded;
- forged.
By type of building:
- on two kosour;
- on 1 kosour. At the base of the structure is a solid metal beam, an I-beam or a channel, which accounts for the maximum load. Stairs are attached to it.
The strengths of such a ladder:
- durability, compactness, "weightlessness";
- on string;
- on boltsy;
- screw structures with a support post in the center.
Also, metal structures are:
- with 1 or 2 spans;
- straight;
- with a turn;
- rounded;
- 3-section;
- in the form of a trapezoid;
- in the form of letters: P and G.
Concrete
Concrete is a versatile material for the construction of staircase structures, including in private construction. Structures can be mounted inside or outside the house.
Types:
- monolithic;
- combined.
Monolithic structures are usually installed in front of the entrance to the basement, outside the buildings, in front of the porch.
Combined concrete stairs are structures with a metal frame and outstanding bases for fixing concrete steps. For ebbing steps use the formwork and reinforcing bars; The materials are: concrete, granite rubble, marble chips. After complete drying, the steps are polished.
Advantages:
- strength;
- resistance to external influences;
- convenience;
- lack of noise during operation;
- fire safety;
- the possibility of adding elements of decor.
The construction of such stairs occurs at the stage of the construction of the floor of the house. The main condition for the installation of concrete stairs - the correctness of the calculations to ensure an even step in operation. It is necessary to take into account the thickness of the floor and cover to obtain an indicator of the height of the steps.
Stone
Stone is the best material for creating staircase structures, both external and internal.
A stone staircase will complement the interior of the room in which luxury reigns. Such a design can be made of granite, marble of various shades, slate, quartzite or limestone.
Ladder marches of granite are durable and resistant to adverse influences from the outside; for a long time keep original appearance.
Stairs with steps made of natural stone chips are popular. Such designs are strong and durable.
Artificial stone (granite, agglomerate, acrylic stone) is widely used to create staircases. Among the advantages of this material: durability, aesthetic appeal, affordable price. More economical and lightweight version - a staircase with stone plates for the steps.
Marble stone has a wide range of shades suitable for any interior.
When choosing this material an important characteristic is the adhesive composition. It must be chosen correctly.
The staircase construction made of marble is easy to install: first, the master lays out the stone structure, then concretes.
Advantages:
- strength;
- easy installation;
- attractive appearance;
- compactness;
- affordable price.
Glass
Glass stairs are designed to serve as the dominant interior and its decoration. Stair glass constructions can become an important part of interiors in styles:
- bionics;
- high tech;
- minimalism;
- techno
Advantages:
- original appearance;
- strength.
Since such structures are installed in the halls to give the space beauty and lightness, designers recommend building another, more functional and comfortable staircase in the house, which is supposed to be used every day.
For the safety of the inhabitants of the house, the glass surface of the steps should be equipped with an anti-slip coating.
Also, from the point of view of design, if there are objects and surfaces made of metal, wood and stone in the house, they can be harmonized well with a glass staircase.
Types of glass slopes in terms of design:
- national teams;
- welded.
Prefabricated models are attached to the wall with a metal support. Welded structures are more reliable, withstand heavy loads. The steps of such stairs are kept on kosourah. Welded structures are installed in the shopping center and shopping mall, in office and residential premises.
Styles and design
In order for the staircase to climb to the second floor to become a harmonious addition or central object of the interior, it must be properly chosen in terms of style and design.
Often the staircase structures are located in the hallway. At the entrance to the house, the owners and guests first see the interfloor staircase, so much attention should be paid to its design.
The construction should be selected in accordance with the style of the premises. The design will pass through the first and second floors or levels, so you need to think about a smooth transition from one situation to another.
The color scheme is also important. Depending on the style of the interior and the tastes of the owners, the staircase can be inscribed harmoniously, or it can act as a contrasting center for the overall interior.
The elements of interior decoration and the design of the staircase to the second floor (artistic design in the design of the fireplace or window grilles and the staircase fence) can intersect, forming a single composition.
In modern style
For stairs in modern style are characteristic:
- severity of forms;
- lack of decor.
Materials:
- wood;
- metal parts;
- tempered glass;
- concrete.
Modern staircases with forging are distinguished by severity or an art object can act as a fence.
In private houses, modern facilities are made of wood with decorative elements of various forms.
Every detail of the building plays its role in the overall decor. Fencing materials:
- metal;
- glass;
- wood (rarely).
Fences and railings may be missing. For safety, the handrail may be located on an adjacent wall.
On the platforms between the spans there are tables or cabinets with paintings or lamps.
In the space under the march establish a vase with indoor plants, waterfalls or fountains. Balusters on designs in modern style support the railing and ensure safety. The appearance of the balusters is strict, without decor, but the forms can be different, for example, in the form of racks mounted with different pitch.
In classic style
The classic style includes the flight of stairs, with or without platforms, depending on the dimensions of the room.
In the classical style, preference is given to natural materials. Common wooden stairs with decorative elements.
For facing of steps use marble. But, this material belongs to the cold and slides, so the steps can be covered with carpet.
Main characteristics:
- comfort;
- symmetry of parts;
- line clarity;
- solid appearance;
- elements of decor.
In the process of decoration is used gilding, carving, natural stones, artistic forging. Such designs are decorated with tapestry, silk.
Loft style
Loft style stairs can be made of any material.
Key features of the style:
- space divided into zones;
- manufacturability;
- simplicity of design;
- lack of decor;
- functionality.
In the loft style, different architectural solutions are harmoniously combined with each other (brick walls + metal stairs + mirrors and modern appliances).
The color scale of the steps of the loft-stairs is dark, cold; the framework is cast from metal. Fences are treated with a composition that gives the products the effect of antiquity.
Sample stair loft structures
Direct construction, based on a welded metal frame with modern design elements.
The angle of the march is 45 °. Steps can be made from solid hardwood: oak, beech, pine; sheathed clapboard. The fence made of metal for greater comfort is equipped with a wooden handrail.
The ladder construction can have the G-or P-shaped form.
In the style of minimalism
The main characteristic of minimalism style is impeccable simplicity. For the interior in this style, a single-shaped straight staircase will suit.
Bolts can act as fastenings for steps. Fencing design from the outside may be missing.
A thin crossbar is used as a handrail along the wall. Based on the concept of minimalism, decorative elements on the lifting structure are also absent.
The simple design of the stairs in the style of minimalism can not look trivial. Every detail must be verified and be in its place.
Art Deco
Art Deco is the quintessence of different cultures and eras. For stairs in this style are typical:
- sharp lines;
- geometry;
- inlaid decor;
- high cost of materials and final product.
The main material is light wood. Lifting facilities in this style will appeal to connoisseurs of luxury and grace. Spans are created with low steps. When making a handrail, artistic forging is used with outlandish patterns, plant motifs that can smoothly flow into the wall or floor decor.
The ideal type of stair deco is a spiral or semi-circular. Correct lines must be combined with complex patterns. The spaces between the spans are spacious.
In modern style
Modern - architectural style of the beginning of the XX century. Different directions intertwined in it. This style can be described as practical with a focus on aesthetic appeal.
Distinctive features of style:
- strength;
- minimalism;
- line clarity;
- conciseness.
Art Nouveau stairs are mainly made of wood (for example, larch) or metal. Steps have an asymmetrical, broken form. In the manufacture of railings used artistic forging or wood carving. Popular floral designs.
Also, the building in modernity can be made of concrete.
If there are landings, you can install an object in the same style, for example, a chair with a high back.
The mission of the stairs in this style is to conquer the owners of the house and their guests with a luxurious appearance. The interior must be appropriate.
Provence style
Lifting facilities in Provence style are elegant, elegant and executed in bright colors. Elements of designs in this style have decorative attritions, faded areas to create the effect of antiquity.
Provence-style staircase is simple. The decor is a painting with floral motifs.
The colors of Provencal staircases are pastel, delicate.
To best match the structure with the Provence style, the staircase should have right angles. Fences - wrought, are ornate plexus, resembling tree branches. With the help of the patina, the railings acquire an old look.
Typical materials are natural:
- tree;
- a rock;
- metal.
The main material for the creation of buildings in the style of Provence - wood. The preference is given to wood of light shades: birch, light oak, maple. For finishing the sides of the stairs use panels with a relief surface.
Steps and / or frame can be trimmed with wild stone. For safety and soundproofing, it is permissible to cover the steps with a carpet of natural fabrics (such as flax, burlap).
Metal is suitable as a fencing decor. It can be art forging or more budget metal profile.
Country style
Country - a typical style of the American province. This style of interior is ideal for a country house.
The staircase in the style of Country has a simple design. The material is wood and other natural materials. For more styling on the surface of the wood make scuffs and irregularities.
The popular option is “old” wallpaper and wooden panels of soothing colors. Staircases are also decorated with thematic panels.
This style has various directions that influence the design of the stairs.
For example, based on the style of country music in typical American traditions, the staircase is designed as a cattle yard barrier. As a decor use the typical attributes of farm life.
The construction can be made of hewn timber, and logs are used as steps. Artificially aged elements in harmony with natural stone, ceramic fragments.
Mediterranean style
For the Mediterranean style are characteristic:
- comfort;
- simplicity;
- natural chic.
Designs in this style can be embodied from various materials:
- wood;
- stone;
- metal;
- concrete;
- brick.
Designs can be:
- screw;
- marching.
The most common variant of the staircase in the Mediterranean style for a country house is the construction of wood. They are simple in terms of design and manufacture, fit well into the interior, if necessary, wooden stairs can be repaired.
The tree brings a touch of comfort to the interior of the house. The material used is birch, covered with a polyurethane lacquer of “wenge” shade, which creates a black-and-blue reflux.
Robust stone construction can be well entered into the interior. Through the use of modern materials such a structure will not be heavy. The stairs in the Mediterranean style, made of wrought iron look sophisticated and spectacular.
Steps are often trimmed with ceramic tiles to create coolness. The base material can be stone, metal, concrete.
How to make space under the stairs?
Regardless of the area of the house, each of his cm should be equipped with benefits.
The space under the stairs to the second floor can be designed in accordance with their aesthetic preferences: install a vase with plants, decorative figures, a coffee table, etc. or equip there:
- kitchenette;
- cabinets / shelves for books, souvenirs;
- "Parking" for bicycles, baby strollers;
- bar;
- sleeping or workplace;
- play area for children;
- dressing room;
- San node;
- pantry.
Ideas should be thought out at the construction stage of a house in order to provide timely communications for the kitchen, san-node, and area lighting.
In terms of design, the substep space can be in harmony with the style of the house or be a separate zone.
Lighting rules
Properly selected lighting can transform and make the original staircase of the most ordinary design.
When choosing a light for home lifting facilities, you need to observe important points:
- the backlight should be muted so as not to obstruct visibility;
- if the staircase is not dominant of the space and is located, for example, in the living room, the light should not be too bright;
- low-power spotlights should be mounted along the march at the same distance from each other for uniform illumination of each step;
- if the structure is made in muted colors or is located in a darkened area, the lighting should be brighter;
- the staircase lighting should be in harmony with the main lighting of the room.
If the staircase is installed in a room with a high ceiling, in addition to the lighting, there must be an overhead light.
Modern and unusual stairs
Unusual combinations of materials, styles and colors, unexpected elements of decor, original lighting are typical for modern staircase designs.
Examples
A creative solution for a small house is a screw design in the shape of a snail with a high inner side that serves as a railing.
As a backlight, spotlights mounted in the side of the building are used. A miniature eco-style ladder with suspended steps made of wood with metal rods as a railing.
Also, for the interior in eco-style suspended staircase made of wood with a glass fence. Original and “airy” looks compact lifting structure with suspended steps, veneered. Metallic ropes are used as a fence.
For high-tech interior designers offer to install a sculptural screw design with a central support in the form of a spiral and glass steps without fencing.
The staircase located in the hall can be made of steel with marble inserts on the steps. Stopping your choice on a modern lifting structure, you should not forget about safety, since many samples of unusual ladders have a steep angle and do not have a railing.
Conclusion
With all the variety of modern designs, it is important that the stairs be:
- safe;
- comfortable;
- functional;
- stylish;
- harmonized with the interior of the house.
Select the look, style, design and location of the staircase should be at the stage of construction of the house, then the ladder will bring practical benefits and delight households and guests with their appearance for many years.
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